Attacks
katate tori, gyaku hanmi: wrist grasp, same side
katate tori, ai hanmi: wrist grasp, opposite side
morote tori: two hands grasp one wrist/forearm
ryote tori: grasp both wrists
kata tori: grasp shoulder/lapel
ushiro ryote tori: grasp both wrists from behind
ushiro ryo kata tori: grasp both shoulders from behind
ushiro ryo hiji tori: graps both elbows from behind
ushiro kubeshime: grasp one wrist and choke from behind
katate eridori: grasp one wrist and back of collar from behind
shomen uchi: overhead strike to head
yokomen uchi: side strike to head
tsuki: thrust/punch (mune tsuki is a punch to the solar plexus; less commonly specified, gamen tsuki is a punch to the head)
kata men uchi: grasping the shoulder/lapel and striking shomen uchi
Techniques
ikkyo: "first technique", elbow control
nikkyo: "second technique", wrist control
sankyo: "third technique", wrist/hand control
yonkyo: "fourth technique", forearm/elbow control
gokkyo: "fifth technique", elbow/wrist control
rokkyo: "sixth technique", elbow/shoulder control
irimi nage: entering throw
juji nage: "number 10" throw -- uke's and nage's are crossed, resembling the kanji for 10 or "ju"
kaiten nage: circular throw
kata gatame: shoulder pin
koshi nage: hip throw
kokyuho: breath push
kokyu nage: breath throw
kote gaeshi: wrist reversal
shiho nage: four direction throw
sumi otoshi: corner drop, also hiji otoshi: elbow drop
tenchi nage: heaven/earth throw
ude garami: wrapped arms technique
suetemi: sacrifice throw
Note: Aikido nomenclature is not consistent. Outside of Birankai juji nage is also called ude kimi nage: arm nudge throw. Outside of Birankai ude garami is also called juji nage in that uke's crossed arms resemble 10 or "ju". Further there are judo techniques named kata gatame and ude garami that are distinct from the aikido techniques. Finally, there is a variation of shiho nage that is known as ude garami (typically beginning from ikkyo).
Variations
omote: in front
ura: behind
tachi waza: standing
suwari waza: seated
hanmi handachi: seated with uke standing
jodan: high position
chudan: middle position
gedan: low position
soto: outside
uchi: inside
henka waza: changing technique
kaeshi waza: reversing technique
jiyu waza: free technique, often against a single attack, possibly with multiple ukes
randori: free technique against multiple ukes
Details
atemi: strike, typically to distract or create space or time for technique
kuzushi: taking balance, posture
shikaku: dead corner, a safe place
zanshin: continuing mind, remaining mind